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                <title><hi rendition="#times #sc">Essay 1</hi></title>
                <respStmt>
                    <name xml:id="whalen">Robert Whalen</name>
                    <resp>Author</resp>
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                <date>Fall 2025</date>
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            <p rendition="#times">The essay is to be written in-class only, no exceptions. Arrive at
                class a few minutes early and log in to the course through EduCat. The assignment,
                with prompts, will be available at precisely 10am. You <hi rendition="#italic"
                    >must</hi> arrive no later than 10am. Students arriving late will not be
                permitted to write the essay, no exceptions. You will have until 11:40 to complete
                it.</p>
            <p rendition="#times">You are permitted to use the prescribed course text book and your
                class notes. No other aids or devices are permitted, including earphones. Cell
                phones must be silenced and stowed.</p>

            <div n="1" rendition="#times">
                <head>General Instructions</head>
                <list>
                    <item>Your essay should begin with a clear statement of your thesis in a single
                        sentence.</item>
                    <item>Build your essay’s argument around evidence from the texts. There is no
                        need to copy out passages to which you refer. Instead, simply indicate the
                        act, scene, and line numbers. For example, if you wish to cite lines 23-25
                        from Act 3, Scene 2 of <hi rendition="#italic">Richard II</hi>, simply write
                        “3.2.23-25”. There is no need to write &#8220;Shakespeare&#8221; or
                        &#8220;Richard II&#8221; or the words &#8220;Act,&#8221;
                        &#8220;Scene,&#8221; and &#8220;Lines.&#8221; Indeed, you need not indicate
                        this information at all, so long as your discussion makes clear what passage
                        you are referring to.</item>
                    <item>Be as exhaustive as possible in building your argument. Do not be overly
                        fussy about formal considerations (spelling, grammatical accuracy, paragraph
                        divisions, etc.). The task here is not so much to submit a pretty piece of
                        writing as it is to demonstrate your knowledge of the plays and the subject
                        of your thesis.</item>
                </list>
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                <head>Prompts</head>
                <ab>Choose one of the following:</ab>

                <list type="ordered">
                    <!--<item><p>Compare Shakespeare’s handling of comedic elements in <hi
                                rendition="#italic">A Midsummer Night’s Dream</hi> and <hi
                                rendition="#italic">1 Henry IV</hi>. You may include differences in
                            your discussion, but it is more important to build your argument around
                            similarities.</p></item>
                    <item><p>Compare Shakespeare’s handling of tragic elements in <hi
                                rendition="#italic">Richard II</hi> and <hi rendition="#italic"
                                >Romeo and Juliet</hi>. You may include differences in your
                            discussion, but it is more important to build your argument around
                            similarities.</p></item> -->
                    <item><p>Though <hi rendition="#italic">A Midsummer Night’s Dream</hi> is a
                            comedy and <hi rendition="#italic">Romeo and Juliet</hi> is a tragedy,
                            both plays contain both tragic and comic elements. Compare the plays in
                            terms of their combining of these two literary modes.</p></item>
                    <item><p>Both <hi rendition="#italic">Richard II</hi> and <hi
                                rendition="#italic">1 Henry IV</hi> are history plays which
                            chronicle the origins of the English Wars of the Roses. One of them,
                            however, is presented in the tragic mode, the other in the mode of
                            comedy. Why does this difference matter, and how does it affect our
                            reception of the two plays?</p></item>
                    <item><p>With reference to two plays, compare Shakespeare’s presentation of two
                            tragic or two comic heroes (e.g., Richard II and Juliet, Hermia and
                            Prince Henry). Because the differences between such characters is
                            obvious, your answer should concentrate almost entirely on their
                            similarities as either comic or tragic figures.</p></item>
                    <item><p>With reference to one tragedy and one comedy, discuss the ways in which
                            otherwise minor characters play important roles&#x2014;characters whose
                            presence is essential either to the plot and/or to our understanding of
                            one or more of the major characters.</p></item>
                    <!-- <item><p>A foil is a relatively minor character whose purpose is to highlight
                            some trait in a major character, either by way of contrast or similarity
                            or both. Compare Shakespeare’s handling of this device in <hi
                                rendition="#italic">two</hi> plays of your choosing. Examples of
                            foil pairings include, but are not restricted to, the following:
                            Hippolyta and Titania or Theseus and Oberon (<hi rendition="#italic"
                                >Dream</hi>); King Richard and Bolingbroke (<hi rendition="#italic"
                                >Richard II</hi>); Hal and Hotspur, Hal and Falstaff, or Hal and
                            Henry IV (<hi rendition="#italic">1 Henry IV</hi>). Bear in mind that
                            because you must discuss <hi rendition="#italic">two</hi> plays, you
                            will be handling four elements (two plus two characters). Your
                            comparison, therefore, should concentrate on how the foil connection in
                            one play is similar to and/or differs from that of the other.</p></item>
                    <item><p>Shakespeare’s best characters exemplify the illusion of interiority. We
                            sense, that is, that they possess a consciousness that exceeds what they
                            actually say&#x2014;that their inner selves are not fully disclosed by
                            their words. Comparing two characters from two different plays, comment
                            on this feature of Shakespearean character. Build your argument around
                            specific passages which seem to suggest more than what they explicitly
                            state.</p></item> 
                    <item><p>Choose one of the following pairs of passages and compare them by
                            analyzing them closely. You may concentrate on any aspect(s) of the
                            passages that strike you as interesting. You may focus, for example, on
                            any combination of the following: sound effects (meter, rhyme,
                            alliteration); imagery and/or metaphor; what the passages tell us about
                            their speakers. Aim as far as possible to identify those things which
                            the passages have in common rather than only the ways in which they
                            differ. <list type="bulleted">
                                <item><p/></item>
                                <item><p/></item>
                            </list></p></item> -->
                </list>
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            <closer rendition="#times">&#169;Robert Whalen, 2025</closer>
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